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Related Concept Videos

Power and Energy01:12

Power and Energy

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The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
Power, defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, is quantified in units called watts (W). The relation between power and energy is mathematically given as
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Power in a Three-Phase Circuit01:15

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Three-phase systems have two configurations: the wye and delta. A star configuration can be three or four wires; in a delta configuration, the components are connected in a closed loop. Instantaneous power refers to the power value at a precise moment, and in a balanced three-phase system, it is constant. This is because the sum of the instantaneous powers in the three phases remains steady over time, despite individual fluctuations, due to the symmetry and phase relationship. The total...
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Power in an AC Circuit01:26

Power in an AC Circuit

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In a DC circuit, the power consumed is simply the product of the DC voltage times the DC current, given in watts. However, the power consumed for AC circuits with reactive components is calculated differently. Since electrical power is the "rate" at which energy is used in a circuit, all electrical and electronic components and devices have a safe operating range for electrical power.
In a DC circuit, there is no sinusoidal waveform associated with the supply; the voltages and currents are...
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Network Function of a Circuit01:25

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits01:21

Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits

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Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
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Energy and Power of a Wave00:58

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The total energy associated with a wavelength is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy. The average rate of energy transfer associated with a wave is called its power, which is total energy divided by the time it takes to transfer the energy. For a sinusoidal wave, energy and power are proportional to the square of both the amplitude and the angular frequency.
Waves can also be concentrated or spread out, as characterized by the intensity of the wave. Intensity is directly...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Small-Area Radiofrequency-Energy-Harvesting Integrated Circuits for Powering Wireless Sensor Networks.

Guo-Ming Sung1,2, Chao-Kong Chung3,4, Yu-Jen Lai5

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan. gmsung@ntut.edu.tw.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an efficient radiofrequency (RF)-energy-harvesting integrated circuit (IC) for wireless sensor networks. The novel IC achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency of 40.56%, enabling sustainable power for IoT devices.

Keywords:
Dickson voltage multiplierISM 915 MHzcharger control circuitenergy-harvesting IClow-dropout regulatornative MOSover-voltage protection circuitradiofrequency

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Microelectronics
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require efficient power solutions.
  • Radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting offers a sustainable alternative to batteries.
  • Existing RF-harvesting circuits face challenges in efficiency and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel RF-energy-harvesting integrated circuit (IC) for powering wireless sensor networks.
  • To improve power conversion efficiency and enable stable voltage regulation for WSNs.
  • To demonstrate a compact and low-power solution for ubiquitous energy harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an integrated circuit (IC) incorporating an RF-direct current (DC) rectifier, over-voltage protection, low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator, and charger control.
  • Utilized a six-stage Dickson voltage multiplier with native MOS for efficient RF-DC conversion.
  • Implemented zero frequency compensation and voltage-trimming feedback for stable LDO regulation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 40.56% at -6 dBm input power, 1.5 V output, and 30 kΩ load.
  • The compact IC occupies a chip area of 0.58 × 0.49 mm².
  • Demonstrated low power consumption of 42 μW.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed RF-energy-harvesting IC provides an efficient and stable power solution for wireless sensor networks.
  • The integrated design, including advanced rectifier and regulator circuits, enhances harvesting performance.
  • This technology paves the way for self-powered and long-lasting IoT devices.