Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acid Attack on Concrete

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...

Second Order systems II

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.

First Order Systems

First Order Systems

First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...

Second Order systems I

Second Order systems I

A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Eosinophil counts as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma: a retrospective cohort study.

BMC cancer·2026

Same author

Neoadjuvant Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 targets Tregs to augment androgen deprivation in high-risk prostate cancer: A randomized phase I trial.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026

Same author

The path forward for T cell engagers in patients with prostate cancer.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026

Same author

Post-Chemoradiation Lymphopenia and Baseline Eosinophil Counts as Prognostic Markers in Glioblastoma.

Research square·2025

Same author

The Comparative Toxicity of Focal Ablation Versus Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2025

Same author

Human Kallikrein 2: A Novel Lineage-Specific Surface Target in Prostate Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2025

Same journal

Lab-on-a-disc biosensing platform for folate level quantification.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same journal

BoneCoT: multicentre validation of a whole-body skeleton foundation model for bone metastases guided by clinician-derived chain of thought.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same journal

Derivation of functional retinal endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells for therapeutics and modelling.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same journal

Engineered circular RNA compatible with complete nucleoside modification and rolling circle translation through a Cap-independent translation enhancer.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same journal

The evolving role of cytokines for CAR-T cell manufacturing and beyond.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same journal

Off‑the‑shelf, engineered non-living stem cell strategy for advancing cellular therapies.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 4, 2021

Combined local and systemic attacks

Catherine S Spina¹, Charles G Drake^2,3

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering

|April 25, 2019

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 4, 2021

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010