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Epidemiological and Clinical Gender Differences in OCD.

Brittany M Mathes1, Danielle M Morabito1, Norman B Schmidt2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, PO Box 3064301, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.

Current Psychiatry Reports
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gender influences Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) onset, symptoms, and presentation, though treatment outcomes appear consistent across genders. Further research into reproductive hormones is recommended for a clearer understanding of these gender differences in OCD.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyExposure and response preventionGender differencesObsessive-compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects individuals globally, with emerging research suggesting potential gender-based variations.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent research on gender disparities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
  • Focus areas include prevalence, illness course, symptom manifestation, comorbidities, and treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gender differences in OCD.
  • Analysis of findings related to prevalence, onset, symptoms, comorbidities, and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence rates vary by age: higher in males during childhood, but in females during adolescence and adulthood.
  • Males often have earlier onset and blasphemous obsessions; females report later onset (post-puberty/pregnancy) with contamination/aggressive obsessions.
  • Females exhibit higher rates of comorbid depression and anxiety; no gender differences in treatment outcomes were found.

Conclusions:

  • Gender significantly impacts the onset, presentation, and effects of OCD symptoms.
  • Mixed findings necessitate further investigation to reconcile study discrepancies.
  • Future research should explore the role of reproductive hormones in understanding gender-specific OCD patterns.