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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Heterogeneity in Epiblast Stem Cells.

Alice Jouneau1

  • 1UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France. alice.jouneau@inra.fr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) show varied lineage marker expression due to signaling pathways. Modulating Wnt or activin/nodal pathways alters EpiSC properties, impacting cell fate.

Keywords:
Activin/NodalDifferentiationEpiSCEpiblastFateHeterogeneityPatterningPluripotencyPrimedSignalling pathwaysWnt

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are derived from mouse embryos during gastrulation.
  • EpiSCs represent a primed state of pluripotency, poised for differentiation.
  • They express markers for mesoderm, endoderm, and neurectoderm, exhibiting heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity in EpiSC lineage marker expression.
  • To understand the role of signaling pathways in EpiSC properties.
  • To explore how modulating these pathways affects EpiSC characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing EpiSCs with specific growth factors (FGF2, activin).
  • Analyzing endogenous signaling pathways (FGF, Nodal, Wnt).
  • Modulating Wnt and activin/nodal signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • EpiSC heterogeneity is linked to active signaling pathways.
  • Growth factor addition and endogenous pathways influence marker expression.
  • Modulation of Wnt or activin/nodal pathways yields EpiSC variants.

Conclusions:

  • Signaling pathways critically regulate EpiSC heterogeneity and properties.
  • Modulation of key pathways offers a method to derive distinct EpiSC lines.
  • These findings have implications for understanding in vivo epiblast patterning and cell fate specification.