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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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Planarian Stem Cell Heterogeneity.

Salvetti Alessandra1, Leonardo Rossi2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planarian flatworms possess remarkable regenerative abilities due to a diverse population of stem cells called neoblasts. Ongoing research continues to unravel the complexities of these cells and their role in regeneration.

Keywords:
Clonogenic neoblastCommitted progenyFlatwormsNeoblastPiwiPlanarianPlatyhelminthesRegenerationStem cellsTetraspaninζ-Neoblastsσ-Neoblasts

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Area of Science:

  • * Developmental Biology
  • * Stem Cell Biology
  • * Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • * Planarians (Platyhelminthes, Triclads) exhibit exceptional regenerative capabilities, rebuilding body parts from fragments.
  • * This regeneration has fascinated scientists since the early 1800s.
  • * The process is attributed to a population of stem cells known as neoblasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the historical understanding and evolution of neoblast research.
  • * To elucidate the modern view of neoblasts as a heterogeneous stem cell population.
  • * To explore the roles of pluripotent and committed progenitor cells in planarian regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • * Historical literature review of planarian regeneration studies.
  • * Analysis of classical and contemporary definitions of neoblasts.
  • * Synthesis of current knowledge on stem cell populations in planarians.

Main Results:

  • * The classical concept of neoblasts has evolved significantly over time.
  • * Neoblasts are now understood as a highly heterogeneous cell population.
  • * This population includes both pluripotent stem cells and committed progenitor cells.

Conclusions:

  • * Planarian regeneration is orchestrated by a complex and diverse neoblast population.
  • * Understanding neoblast heterogeneity is crucial for comprehending regeneration.
  • * Further research is needed to fully address remaining questions about neoblasts.