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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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Distributed Fiber-Optic Shape Sensing with Endpoint Error Compensation: Theory and Experimental Validation.

Leonardo Rossi1, Francesco Falcetelli1,2, Francesco Gagliardo2

  • 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new algorithm enhances fiber-optic shape sensing accuracy for large structures using Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA). It compensates for errors, achieving results comparable to higher-resolution methods.

Keywords:
BOTDAcalibrationerror compensation algorithmoptical fiber sensorsoptimizationsensing cableshape sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Fiber-optic shape sensing is crucial for real-time structural deformation monitoring.
  • Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) offers extended range for large structures but suffers from limited spatial resolution and degraded accuracy.
  • Existing methods struggle with reconstructing complex geometries and discontinuities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel error compensation algorithm for Brillouin-based shape sensing.
  • To improve the reconstruction accuracy of BOTDA systems, particularly for large-scale structures.
  • To demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and compare its performance against classical methods and other sensing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel error compensation algorithm leveraging forward and backward path reconstructions and trajectory fusion.
  • Employed polynomial and exponential weighting strategies for trajectory fusion.
  • Experimentally validated the algorithm on a 28.91 m fiber cable using BOTDA at 50 cm spatial resolution.
  • Utilized Frenet-Serret frame formulation and calibrated with radial-offset tuning and segment alignment.
  • Tested on an S-shaped geometry with curvature discontinuities.

Main Results:

  • The cubic weighting strategy significantly improved reconstruction accuracy, exceeding 86% in all Figures of Merit (FOMs).
  • Achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.145 m (0.50% of length) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.109 m (0.38% of length).
  • Reconstruction errors were comparable to higher-resolution Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed error compensation algorithm effectively enhances the accuracy of BOTDA-based shape sensing.
  • The method achieves high reconstruction accuracy, making BOTDA a competitive option for large-scale structural monitoring.
  • This advancement enables BOTDA systems to overcome their spatial resolution limitations for precise shape reconstruction.