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Helical nanofiber yarn enabling highly stretchable engineered microtissue.

Yiwei Li1, Fengyun Guo2,3, Yukun Hao1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a highly stretchable microtissue fiber using a hierarchical helix yarn scaffold. This innovation allows for significant stretching while maintaining cell viability, paving the way for advanced tissue engineering.

Keywords:
bioinspired scaffoldmuscle regenerationmyogenesisnanofiber yarnstretchable tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • High demand for microtissues with mechanical properties mimicking native stretchable tissues (muscle, tendon).
  • Challenges in fabricating highly stretchable living microtissues due to cell damage under large strains.
  • Need for biomaterials that support cell viability during mechanical deformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly stretchable and tough microtissue fiber.
  • To overcome limitations of cell damage in stretchable microtissues.
  • To investigate the potential for promoting myogenic differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microtissue fiber using a hierarchical helix yarn scaffold (nanometers to millimeters).
  • Mechanical testing to assess stretchability (up to 15x initial length) and toughness (57 GJ m⁻³).
  • Cell culture on the scaffold to evaluate viability under cyclic strains (up to 600%) and assess differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Developed a microtissue fiber with exceptional stretchability and toughness.
  • Maintained high cell viability even under severe cyclic strains due to nonaffine deformation.
  • Demonstrated nanotopography-induced cytoskeletal alignment and nuclear elongation, promoting myogenic differentiation via TAZ pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The hierarchical helix yarn scaffold enables the creation of highly stretchable and tough microtissues.
  • Nonaffine deformation protects cells during extreme stretching, enhancing biomimicry.
  • This technology holds significant potential for tissue engineering and engineered living systems.