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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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BUSCO: Assessing Genome Assembly and Annotation Completeness.

Mathieu Seppey1, Mosè Manni1, Evgeny M Zdobnov2

  • 1Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The BUSCO tool assesses genome and transcriptome completeness using universal single-copy genes. This method complements technical metrics for evaluating the quality of genomic data in molecular biology research.

Keywords:
BUSCOGene contentGenome completenessOrthologsPhylogenomicsQuality assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genomics research generates vast amounts of data.
  • Evaluating the completeness of genomic data is crucial for scientific validity.
  • Existing technical metrics for data evaluation have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) tool suite.
  • To provide a method for assessing the completeness of genomes, gene sets, and transcriptomes.
  • To offer guidelines for using gene content as a metric for biological data quality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the concept of universal single-copy genes as the core of the BUSCO methodology.
  • Describing the setup requirements for the BUSCO tool.
  • Providing guidelines for designing, running, and interpreting BUSCO analyses.

Main Results:

  • BUSCO offers a biologically meaningful approach to assess genomic data completeness.
  • Gene content analysis via BUSCO complements traditional technical metrics.
  • The tool is applicable to genomes, gene sets, and transcriptomes.

Conclusions:

  • BUSCO is a valuable tool for evaluating the completeness and quality of genomic datasets.
  • The methodology provides a robust, gene-content-based assessment.
  • Proper application and interpretation of BUSCO results enhance molecular biology research.