Structural and Functional Diversity in Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Materials

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Solid-State Chemistry
• Optoelectronics

Background:

• Lead halide perovskites offer excellent optoelectronic properties but contain toxic lead.
• Developing lead-free alternatives is crucial for sustainable applications.
• Nontoxic elements are sought to replace lead while preserving perovskite performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present design rules for lead-free perovskite materials across various structural dimensions (3D to 0D).
• To review recent advancements in lead-free halide perovskites.
• To summarize structure-property relationships and propose strategies for multifunctional perovskite design.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on lead-free halide perovskites.
• Analysis of structure-property relationships, including optical, electric, and magnetic properties.
• Identification of design strategies for multifunctional lead-free perovskites.

Main Results:

• 3D double perovskites (A2B+B3+X6) show significant optoelectronic potential.
• Low-dimensional lead-free perovskites exhibit diverse structures and properties for various applications.
• Structure-property relationships are established for guiding material design.

Conclusions:

• Lead-free perovskites offer promising alternatives to lead-based materials.
• Tailoring structural dimensions and compositions enables diverse functionalities.
• Further research is needed in materials development and device fabrication for lead-free perovskite applications.