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Item-specific delay activity demonstrates concurrent storage of multiple active neural representations in working

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Working memory can actively hold multiple items simultaneously. Our study shows that the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) relies on persistent neural activity to maintain mental representations.
  • Debate exists on whether WM's active neural state, the "focus of attention," can hold more than one item.
  • Some models suggest a single-item limit, with others in an activity-silent state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly test if multiple items can be concurrently represented in an active neural state within working memory.
  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the active representation of spatial information in WM.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data from human observers remembering 1 or 2 spatial positions.
  • Utilized alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity, known to encode spatial WM representations.
  • Applied a spatial encoding model to reconstruct neural representations (channel-tuning functions [CTFs]) from EEG data.

Main Results:

  • Spatial encoding models showed reduced selectivity of CTFs when 2 items were stored compared to 1.
  • Data-driven simulations demonstrated that the observed selectivity in the two-item condition cannot be explained by single-item active representation models.
  • Evidence supports the concurrent active neural representation of multiple items.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge single-item limits for active neural representations in working memory.
  • Multiple items can be concurrently maintained in an active neural state, contrary to some theoretical models.
  • This supports a more capacity-rich active representation in working memory.