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Bioimpedance analysis and physical functioning as mortality indicators among older sarcopenic people
Mikko P Björkman1, Kaisu H Pitkala2, Satu Jyväkorpi2
1University of Helsinki, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Unit, POB 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Experimental Gerontology
|April 27, 2019
Summary
Muscle strength, physical performance, and Calf Intracellular Resistance Skeletal Muscle Index (CRi-SMI) predict mortality in older adults. These factors are better indicators than BMI and can guide sarcopenia prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Geriatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a significant public health concern.
- Identifying reliable predictors of all-cause mortality in older adults is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prognostic significance of sarcopenia characteristics and physical functioning on all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older individuals.
- To compare the predictive value of various measurements, including bioimpedance indices, for mortality risk.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 428 community-dwelling individuals aged 75 and older, with a four-year follow-up.
- Measurements included body mass index (BMI), physical functioning (RAND-36), physical performance (SPPB), hand grip strength, walking speed, and bioimpedance-based muscle indices (SF-SMI, CRi-SMI).
- Survival analyses were conducted using Life-Table and Cox models.
Main Results:
- Physical performance (SPPB), physical functioning (RAND-36), hand grip strength, and CRi-SMI were independent predictors of four-year mortality.
- CRi-SMI demonstrated better predictive ability for mortality compared to SF-SMI.
- Low CRi-SMI was associated with a 66% decrease in four-year survival, remaining significant even after adjusting for SPPB.
Conclusions:
- Muscle strength, physical performance, physical functioning, and CRi-SMI are robust independent predictors of all-cause mortality in older adults.
- These indicators are superior to BMI for mortality prediction and highlight muscle mass, strength, and performance as key targets for sarcopenia prevention.
- Interventions aimed at improving muscle mass, strength, and performance may reduce sarcopenia-related mortality.
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