Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
Concurrent Effects of Dry Needling and Electrical Stimulation in the Management of Upper Extremity Hemiparesis
Maryam S Ghaffari1, Ardalan Shariat1, Roshanak Honarpishe2
1Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in western countries. A variety of rehabilitation programs for the treatment of patients after stroke have been proposed. We describe the outcomes of a 49-year-old female patient with a 5-year history of right upper extremity hemiparesis after stroke. Physical examination revealed a right wrist extensor strength grade of 1 according to the Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing scale, Stage 4 according to the Brunnstrom hand functional recovery, and Grade 1 in finger flexor and in wrist flexor according to the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale system of muscle spasticity. Magnetic resonance imaging taken immediately after the stroke was indicative of an abnormal signal in the left paraventricular and lentiform nucleus. After receiving a single session of dry needling and electrical stimulation, the patient had significant improvement including a strength grade of 3 for the right wrist extensor muscles, Stage 6 according to the Brunnstrom hand functional recovery, and Grade 0 in finger flexor and in wrist flexor according to the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale system of muscle spasticity. This case report found that dry needling combined with electrical stimulation may be effective in hand function recovery, wrist extensor muscles strength, and decreased wrist and finger spasticity.
Related Concept Videos
Absolute and Local Extreme Values
Dry Friction
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
Veins of Upper Limbs
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
Drying Shrinkage
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...

