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Development of the State Optimism Measure.

Rachel A Millstein1, Wei-Jean Chung1, Bettina B Hoeppner1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

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Summary

Researchers developed a new State Optimism Measure (SOM) to assess positive expectations about the future. This tool is psychometrically sound and suitable for various research settings.

Keywords:
Factor analysisMeasure developmentOptimismPsychometric propertiesStateValidation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Optimism, characterized by positive future expectations, is linked to improved health outcomes.
  • While often measured as a trait, optimism can fluctuate with time and circumstances.
  • A need exists for a reliable measure of transient optimism, or state optimism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a psychometrically sound measure of state optimism.
  • To create a tool that captures optimism as a fluctuating state rather than a fixed trait.

Main Methods:

  • An initial 29-item pool was created from literature and expert input.
  • The pool was administered to three distinct samples: general healthy individuals, cardiac patients, and individuals recovering from substance use.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to select and validate items for the State Optimism Measure (SOM).

Main Results:

  • A seven-item unidimensional State Optimism Measure (SOM) was finalized, demonstrating high factor loadings (0.64-0.93).
  • The SOM exhibited excellent internal reliability across all samples (Cronbach's alphas: 0.92-0.96).
  • Preliminary construct validity was supported by strong convergent validity correlations and acceptable model fit in confirmatory factor analysis.

Conclusions:

  • A psychometrically sound State Optimism Measure (SOM) has been successfully developed.
  • The SOM is suitable for use in diverse research and clinical settings.
  • Future research will focus on establishing the predictive and criterion validity of the SOM.