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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

An Effective Inoculation Method for Phytophthora capsici on Black Pepper Plants
Published on: September 16, 2022
Radiofrequency pasteurization process for inactivation of Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on
Xinyao Wei1, Soon Kiat Lau1, Jayne Stratton2
1Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA.
Abstract:
Salmonella persistence in ground black pepper has caused several foodborne outbreaks and created public concern about the safety of low water activity (aw) foods. In this study, radiofrequency (RF) processing was evaluated for pasteurization of ground black pepper. Stability and homogeneity tests were done for both Salmonella spp. and E. faecium during moisture equilibration before RF heating to evaluate the inoculation method. Moisture content of samples were conditioned such that the final moisture content after RF heating reached the optimal storage moisture. RF heating was shown to provide more than 5.98 log CFU/g reduction for Salmonella spp. and the reduction of 3.89 log CFU/g for E. faecium with a 130 s of treatment time. The higher thermal resistance of E. faecium indicated its suitability as surrogate for Salmonella spp. during RF heating of ground black pepper. Piperine, total phenolics, volatile compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed as quality parameters for ground black pepper. The results demonstrated that the RF processing provided effective inactivation of Salmonella spp. with insignificant (p > 0.05) quality deterioration.
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