Disorders of Iron Metabolism: New Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches to Iron Deficiency

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Hematology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency globally.
• IDA significantly impacts young children and adolescent girls, particularly in the United States.
• Subtle signs and symptoms can mask the substantial clinical effects of IDA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the diagnostic approach to iron deficiency anemia.
• To review current therapeutic strategies for iron deficiency anemia.
• To provide evidence-based recommendations for oral and intravenous iron therapy.

Main Methods:

• Clinical diagnosis based on risk factors and microcytic anemia.
• Confirmation of diagnosis through response to oral iron therapy.
• Review of laboratory iron tests and absorption data.
• Evaluation of clinical trial data for oral and intravenous iron efficacy.

Main Results:

• Lower-dose oral iron therapy is supported by clinical trials and absorption data.
• Oral iron therapy trial is confirmative for diagnosis.
• Intravenous iron is indicated for treatment failures or complex cases.

Conclusions:

• Iron deficiency anemia diagnosis relies on clinical factors and response to iron.
• A shift towards lower-dose oral iron therapy is recommended.
• Intravenous iron is a crucial alternative for specific pediatric populations.