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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Arsenic contamination in soil-water systems is a global concern.
  • Food chain contamination, particularly via rice, poses risks to human and animal health.
  • Understanding arsenic bio-availability is crucial for assessing toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review research on arsenic occurrence in soil-water systems.
  • To synthesize data on arsenic bio-availability and food chain transfer (soil-water-rice-human and water-crops-animals).
  • To identify research trends in arsenic contamination, species, toxicity, and bio-accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 183 articles.
  • Analysis of arsenic flow in soil-water-food systems.
  • Assessment of arsenic bio-availability and bio-accessibility in humans and animals.

Main Results:

  • Inorganic arsenic bio-accessibility in humans ranges from 63-99%.
  • Rice is a significant carrier of arsenic, with higher bio-availability compared to other foods.
  • Phyto-availability of arsenic is influenced by soil and water conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Arsenic contamination in food chains, especially rice, requires ongoing research for risk assessment.
  • Future research should focus on arsenic availability in rice plants and cooked rice for accurate toxicity determination.
  • Research focus on arsenic as a pollutant has evolved over decades.