Personalized medicine: going to the dogs?

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pharmacology
• Genetics
• Pharmacogenomics

Background:

• Interindividual variation in drug response is observed in both canine and human patients.
• Canine pharmacogenetics has made significant progress in the last 20 years, yet much research remains.
• Genetic factors influence how dogs process and respond to medications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize existing data on genetic polymorphisms affecting drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, targets, and protein binding in dogs.
• To compare canine pharmacogenetics with human counterparts.
• To review precision medicine applications and testing considerations in canine pharmacogenetics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published data on canine pharmacogenetics.
• Comparative analysis of canine and human genetic polymorphisms related to drug response.
• Examination of precision medicine in canine cancer treatment.

Main Results:

• Genetic polymorphisms significantly impact drug transporters, enzymes, targets, and plasma protein binding in dogs.
• Canine pharmacogenetics parallels human pharmacogenetics in many aspects.
• Precision medicine offers a promising application for canine pharmacogenetics.

Conclusions:

• Canine pharmacogenetics is evolving from single-gene studies to broader pharmacogenomic approaches.
• Advances in canine pharmacogenetics will enhance canine health and potentially inform human medicine.
• Further research is crucial to fully understand and utilize canine pharmacogenetics for improved patient outcomes.