Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Delivery of Antibodies into the Murine Brain via Convection-enhanced Delivery
Published on: July 18, 2019
Chloramphenicol/sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin complexes in an ophthalmic delivery system: prolonged residence time
Yuhua Xu1, Chi Zhang1, Xiaolei Zhu1
1a Wuya College of Innovation , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
Abstract:
Objective: Conventional chloramphenicol (CHL) eye drops are widely used anti-infection formulations for acute bacterial conjunctivitis. However, the therapeutic effects are limited by insufficient concentration in the conjunctival sac. Hence, the objective of this study is to formulate and develop novel CHL eye drops with improved topical concentrations by increasing the solubility and decreasing the transcorneal penetration. Research design and methods: CHL was included in the sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) using the freeze-drying method. Eye drops containing CHL/SBE-β-CD complexes were prepared and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: The formation of CHL/SBE-β-CD inclusion was confirmed by DSC, XRD, NMR, and SEM. The aqueous solubility of CHL was significantly enhanced, and the drug transcorneal penetration was inhibited after inclusion. The CHL/SBE-β-CD displayed sustained release profiles. The tear fluid elimination kinetic study showed that the CHL/SBE-β-CD eye drops had better ability to prolong the residence time, and significantly increase CHL concentration in the conjunctival sac. Besides, it was shown that CHL/SBE-β-CD eye drops were nonirritating to rabbits' eyes. Conclusions: The SBE-β-CD inclusions offer a potential alternative strategy for ocular administration of poorly water-soluble drugs in the conjunctival sac.
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time
After the administration of a drug through intravenous bolus injection, the drug molecules are distributed throughout the body and remain there for varying periods. The MRT represents the average time these drug molecules stay in the...
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.

