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Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Crowdsourcing the Citation Screening Process for Systematic Reviews: Validation Study.

Nassr Nama1,2,3,4, Margaret Sampson2, Nicholas Barrowman1,2,5

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crowdsourcing citation screening for systematic reviews (SRs) is feasible, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. This approach can expedite the review process, allowing researchers to concentrate on more complex tasks.

Keywords:
crowdsourcingmeta-analysis as topicresearch designsystematic reviews as topic

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Systematic reviews (SRs) are crucial for evidence-based medicine but face challenges due to the increasing volume of literature.
  • Crowdsourcing is proposed as a solution to accelerate the time-consuming screening process in SRs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and quality of crowdsourcing abstract and full-text screening for SRs.
  • To validate the accuracy of crowd-based screening against expert review.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study utilized CrowdScreenSR software to evaluate crowdsourcing for abstract and full-text screening across six SRs.
  • Crowd performance was compared to traditional expert screening, analyzing sensitivity and work performed (exclusion rate).

Main Results:

  • Over 16,000 abstracts were screened by a crowd of 117 participants, with varying completion rates.
  • Crowd-based screening achieved 100% sensitivity at certain agreement thresholds, with work performed increasing as thresholds were relaxed.
  • Crowd members successfully retrieved 83.5% of articles progressing to full-text assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Crowdsourcing citation screening for SRs is a feasible method with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
  • This approach can significantly expedite SRs, enabling research teams to focus on more intricate aspects of the review process.
  • Development of user-friendly platforms is recommended to facilitate wider adoption of crowdsourced SRs.