Evaluation of the Educational Environment of a Cadaver Course in Robotic Colorectal Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study

The educational environment is a crucial metric of medical education that affects the course participants' motivation, achievement, happiness and success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of a cadaver course in robotic colorectal surgery by comparing the perceptions of the participating residents to those of the participating surgeons.

This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2017. Participants from the U.S. and Europe attended a course using eight fresh frozen cadaver torsos with no prior abdominal surgery. After course completion, participants anonymously completed 50-item Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaires to evaluate five components of the educational environment: perception of learning, perception of teachers, academic self-perception, perception of atmosphere, and social self-perception. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Mean scores were compared using an independent samples t-test.

Twenty of 24 participants completed the DREEM questionnaire, consisting of 9 residents and 11 surgeons (12 from the U.S., 8 from Europe). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was excellent (alpha=0.97). The mean total score was excellent for both residents and surgeons, and the difference between the groups was not significant (154.1±25.8 vs. 168.1±18.9, p=0.197). Perception of learning was significantly better among surgeons ("teaching highly thought of") than among residents ("a more positive perception") (40.5±3.6 vs. 35.7±5.6, p=0.04).

This study suggests that the residents' perception of learning may have been negatively influenced by the participation of surgeons in the same cadaver station.