Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
07:50

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

6.1K

DNA methylation in thyroid cancer

Carles Zafon1,2, Joan Gil3, Beatriz Pérez-González3

  • 1Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (VHIR) and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|April 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

DNA methylation alterations are common in thyroid cancer, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review examines current knowledge and clinical applications of these epigenetic changes in thyroid cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Oncology
  • Thyroid Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer genomics has revealed genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, but the molecular landscape remains incomplete.
  • DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mechanism, is frequently altered in thyroid cancer, with recent advances identifying novel alterations and potential biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review current knowledge on DNA methylation in thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss the potential clinical applications of DNA methylation alterations for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on DNA methylation in thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of aberrant methylation changes, including methylation patterns, global hypomethylation, and gene-specific alterations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel differentially methylated regions and methylation signatures in thyroid cancer.
  • Evidence suggesting DNA methylation alterations can serve as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation plays a significant role in thyroid cancer development and progression.
  • Further research into DNA methylation holds promise for improving diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for thyroid cancer patients.
Keywords:
DNA methylationbiomarkersdemethylating drugsglobal hypomethylationthyroid cancer

More Related Videos

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation21:24

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

24.2K
DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis12:34

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

106.3K

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.9K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.4K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
33.5K
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
697
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
35.2K