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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

1.4K
Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Crop Improvement Through Temperature Resilience.

Jingyu Zhang1, Xin-Min Li2, Hong-Xuan Lin2,3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants face threats from abnormal temperatures. This review covers cold and heat stress responses, exploring how plants balance defense and development to improve crop resilience.

Keywords:
coldcold acclimationheatsensing and signalingthermotolerancevernalization

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Environmental stress physiology
  • Crop science

Background:

  • Abnormal environmental temperatures significantly impact plant growth and crop yields.
  • Understanding plant responses to temperature stress is crucial for enhancing crop resilience.
  • Plant temperature sensing involves complex signaling pathways influencing both defense mechanisms and developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on plant cold and heat stress perception and response mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in plant responses to chilling and freezing temperatures.
  • To highlight strategies for improving crop temperature resilience through advanced biological approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant temperature stress signaling.
  • Analysis of cold signal perception and transduction pathways.
  • Examination of heat stress responses and tolerance mechanisms.
  • Summary of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying temperature resilience.

Main Results:

  • Cold stress (chilling and freezing) involves common and distinct signaling pathways.
  • Plant responses to cold involve a trade-off between defense and development, exemplified by axillary bud differentiation.
  • Vernalization, a long-term cold response, is regulated by O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation.
  • Progress in identifying quantitative trait loci genes for heat tolerance and mechanisms for temperature-sensitive sterility in hybrid breeding.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating omics, systemic, and synthetic biology offers pathways to enhance crop temperature resilience.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms of temperature sensing and response is key to developing climate-resilient crops.
  • Future research should focus on molecular module programming for targeted improvements in crop temperature tolerance.