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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Resonance02:52

Resonance

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Related Experiment Video

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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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Phonon Coupling between a Nanomechanical Resonator and a Quantum Fluid.

King Yan Fong1, Dafei Jin2, Menno Poot1,3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.

Nano Letters
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers coupled a nano-optomechanical resonator to superfluid helium-4 using high-frequency sound waves. This efficient coupling opens new avenues for nanoscale control of quantum fluids.

Keywords:
Nanomechanical systemshybrid quantum systemsoptomechanicsquantum fluidsuperfluid He

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Nanomechanical systems excel in solid-state applications but are less explored in liquids.
  • Nanomechanics in liquids offers unique applications like biosensing and studying fluid dynamics.
  • Superfluid helium-4 is a quantum fluid with unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate efficient coupling between a nano-optomechanical resonator and superfluid 4He.
  • To explore the use of ultrahigh-frequency phonons for this coupling.
  • To investigate the potential for nanoscale manipulation of quantum fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a nano-optomechanical resonator.
  • Employing ultrahigh-frequency phonons (gigahertz sound waves) for coupling.
  • Experimental measurement of phonon exchange efficiency and excitation rates.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high phonon exchange efficiency exceeding 92%.
  • Demonstrated a minimum excitation rate of 0.25 phonons per oscillation period.
  • Predicted strong coupling with cooperativity up to 880.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient coupling of nanomechanics to superfluid 4He is demonstrated.
  • The study highlights the potential for nanoscale control and manipulation of quantum fluids.
  • Opens new research opportunities in hybrid quantum systems involving superfluids.