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Efficiency and shrinking in evolving networks.

Arianna Bottinelli¹, Marco Gherardi², Marc Barthelemy^3,4

¹1 NORDITA, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|May 2, 2019

Summary

The French railway network shrank by 50% from 1930-2000, yet travel times decreased significantly. This study shows network shrinking can improve efficiency and accessibility.

Keywords:

shrinking networks spatial networks train transport networks

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Area of Science:

Network science
Transportation systems analysis
Socio-economic geography

Background:

Network evolution studies often focus on expansion, with less research on shrinking empirical networks.
Transportation networks are intrinsically linked to socio-economic factors, making their evolution crucial.

Observation:

The French railway network's evolution from 1840 to 2000 was analyzed alongside demographic changes.
Network development was influenced by technological advancements and the need for population coverage and cost-efficiency.

Findings:

Despite a 50% reduction in length between 1930 and 2000, network efficiency and robustness remained constant.
Total travel time and time-diameter decreased by over 75% during the shrinking phase.
Overall accessibility was maintained, with average travel times steadily decreasing since the network's inception.

Implications:

Network shrinking does not necessarily imply performance decay; it can enhance design goals and adaptive evolution.
The study highlights the importance of considering multimodal transportation systems acting at different spatial scales.
Observed trends suggest increased transportation multimodality, such as car usage, alongside railway network changes.