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Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Pregnancy-An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic

Rima Itani Al-Nimr, Rubina Hakeem, Julie M Moreschi

    Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
    |May 2, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Bariatric surgery before pregnancy reduced infant birth weight but did not increase risks for miscarriage, preterm birth, or infant complications. Further research is needed to establish clinical guidelines for bariatric surgery and pregnancy.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Bariatric Surgery Outcomes
    • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

    Background:

    • Obesity in pregnant individuals poses significant risks to both mother and child.
    • The impact of bariatric surgery on pregnancy outcomes remains largely undetermined.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for managing high-risk pregnancies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review the effects of bariatric surgery on maternal and infant health outcomes during pregnancy.
    • To synthesize evidence on pregnancy after bariatric procedures.
    • To identify potential risks and benefits associated with bariatric surgery in pregnancy.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic review was conducted following the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library process.
    • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed (2000-2015) identified relevant experimental and observational studies with control groups.
    • Key maternal and infant health outcomes were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Bariatric surgery prior to pregnancy was associated with reduced infant birth weight (in grams) compared to controls.
    • No increased risk of adverse outcomes like miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm birth was observed.
    • Maternal gestational weight gain and Apgar scores were not significantly affected; however, effects on maternal complications and infant birth weight categories were inconsistent.

    Conclusions:

    • Bariatric surgery effectively treats maternal obesity but may carry surgery-specific risks during pregnancy.
    • Current data are insufficient to establish definitive clinical guidelines.
    • Long-term effects of bariatric surgery on pregnancy outcomes require further investigation.
    Abstract

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