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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Stability01:53

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

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Microbial-Based Double-Stranded RNA Production to Develop Cost-Effective RNA Interference Application for Insect Pest

Seung-Joon Ahn1,2, Kelly Donahue1, Youngho Koh3

  • 1USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA.

International Journal of Insect Science
|May 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a cost-effective microbial system for producing large quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for RNA interference (RNAi) pest control. Ultrasonic disruption efficiently isolated dsRNA, showing potential for insect management.

Keywords:
RNAibacterial dsRNA productionpest controlspotted wing drosophila

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Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches
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Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches

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Applications of RNA Interference in American Cockroach
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Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects

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Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches
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Applications of RNA Interference in American Cockroach
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) offers a promising alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control.
  • Large-scale, cost-effective production of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is crucial for practical field applications of RNAi.
  • Existing microbial dsRNA production methods using Escherichia coli have unclear yields and purity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail biochemical and molecular tools for large-scale dsRNA production using a microbial system.
  • To investigate the production efficiency and yield of crude and purified dsRNAs.
  • To evaluate ultrasonic disruption as a method for efficient dsRNA isolation.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed recombinant L4440 vectors with insect genes (GFP, pyrokinin) for expression in HT115 (DE3) E. coli.
  • Utilized ultrasonic disruption followed by phenol extraction for dsRNA isolation.
  • Evaluated sonication for direct crude dsRNA extraction, assessing efficiency and bacterial contamination reduction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a considerable dsRNA yield of 19.5 µg/mL of liquid culture.
  • Ultrasonic disruption significantly reduced time and costs for isolating crude dsRNA without phenol extraction.
  • The ultrasonic method minimized potential bacterial contamination in the isolated dsRNA.
  • Injection of pyrokinin dsRNA into flies did not result in statistically significant increased adult mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial-based dsRNA production, particularly using ultrasonic disruption, is a viable and cost-effective method for large-scale dsRNA generation.
  • This approach has potential for applied RNAi technology to supplement current insect pest management strategies.
  • Further research is needed to optimize dsRNA efficacy for insect control.