Longitudinal cortical network reorganization in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Network Science
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Network science offers insights into brain organization.
• Understanding the longitudinal evolution of gray matter networks in early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is crucial.
• Comparing network dynamics with traditional atrophy measurements provides a comprehensive view.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the longitudinal changes in gray matter networks in early RRMS patients.
• To compare these network dynamics with those in healthy controls (HCs).
• To contrast network evolution with conventional atrophy measurements.

Main Methods:

• Longitudinal study of structural cortical networks over 1 year using 3T MRI.
• Analysis of 203 individuals (92 early RRMS patients, 101 HCs).
• Graph theoretical analysis of cortical thickness inter-regional correlations, including modularity, clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and transitivity; also calculated volume changes and atrophy.

Main Results:

• Significant strengthening of local network properties (modularity, clustering coefficient, local efficiency, transitivity) observed in RRMS patients over time.
• These network dynamics were not present in HCs.
• Network reorganization occurred independently of disease activity and was detectable before conventional atrophy.

Conclusions:

• Gray matter network reorganization occurs after clinical disease onset in early RRMS.
• Increased local network characteristics suggest an adaptive cortical response.
• This reorganization may be crucial for maintaining brain function during neuroinflammation.