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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Published on: August 27, 2013

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Iran in transition.

Goodarz Danaei1, Farshad Farzadfar2, Roya Kelishadi3

  • 1Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran, Boston, MA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Iran

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Medical History
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Iran, a nation with a rich history, has undergone significant societal and health system transformations.
  • The country has transitioned from traditional medicine to modern healthcare, influenced by political shifts and scientific advancements.

Observation:

  • Iran has experienced environmental changes, natural disasters, and epidemics of communicable diseases.
  • A notable epidemiological shift towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has occurred in recent decades.

Findings:

  • The nation faces a growing burden of NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignancies, mental disorders, substance abuse, and road injuries.
  • Lessons from past political instabilities and health challenges have shaped Iran's current health landscape.

Implications:

  • Understanding Iran's health evolution is crucial for addressing current and future public health challenges.
  • Strategic interventions are needed to manage the rising NCD burden in Iran's predominantly urban population.