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Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Bladder Cancer among Postmenopausal Women
Yueyao Li1, Hilary A Tindle2, Michael S Hendryx3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. yueyli@indiana.edu.
Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|May 3, 2019
Summary
Quitting smoking significantly lowers bladder cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Risk decreases with time after cessation, but remains elevated for up to 30 years compared to never smokers.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Smoking is a primary risk factor for bladder cancer.
- The relationship between smoking cessation duration and bladder cancer risk requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between smoking cessation and bladder cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
- To examine the dose-response relationship between years after quitting smoking and bladder cancer incidence.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 143,279 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Study.
- Employed Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
- Adjusted for pack-years of smoking and other covariates.
Main Results:
- Bladder cancer risk decreased by 25% within 10 years of smoking cessation.
- Risk continued to decline with longer cessation but remained higher than never smokers after 30 years (HR, 1.92).
- Former smokers had a lower risk compared to current smokers (HR, 0.61).
Conclusions:
- Smoking cessation leads to a significant reduction in bladder cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
- Smoking cessation is a crucial strategy for preventing bladder cancer in older women.
- Long-term cessation benefits are evident, though risk may persist for decades.
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