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Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
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Hyperspectral imaging in color vision research: tutorial.

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    This tutorial introduces hyperspectral imaging for human color vision research, detailing camera types, data processing, and applications like scene color analysis and observer task utility. It covers colorimetric representations and the impact of noise on image acquisition and color perception.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Vision Science
    • Image Analysis
    • Color Science

    Background:

    • Hyperspectral imaging offers rich spectral information beyond traditional color imaging.
    • Understanding human color vision requires precise spectral data.
    • Previous research has explored various imaging techniques for visual studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an introductory tutorial on terrestrial and close-range hyperspectral imaging.
    • To highlight the applications of hyperspectral imaging in human color vision research.
    • To detail the methods for acquiring, processing, and calibrating hyperspectral data.

    Main Methods:

    • Description of main hyperspectral camera types.
    • Procedures for image acquisition, postprocessing, and calibration (radiance/reflectance).
    • Image transformations for colorimetric representations, color rendering, and neural coding.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of calculating scene color properties (e.g., gamut volume, metamerism).
    • Analysis of color utility in observer tasks (e.g., surface identification under changing illuminants).
    • Consideration of noise and uncertainty effects in data acquisition and color vision applications.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperspectral imaging is a valuable tool for quantitative human color vision research.
    • The presented methods enable detailed analysis of color properties and perception.
    • Understanding image acquisition and processing is crucial for reliable color vision studies.