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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms
Published on: December 4, 2011
Optical evaluation of new-design multifocal IOLs with extended depth of focus
Abstract:
In this study, we investigate in vitro the optical performance of new-design extended depth of focus (EDOF) complementary intraocular lenses (IOLs) (ACTIVE, Cristalens Industrie, France), compared with traditional bifocal ones. Evaluation of their optical quality was achieved by measuring the point spread function at multiple distances (through focus) using an optical bench. In addition, the modulation transfer function through focus was calculated, correlating our results with actual visual outcomes. Our results may suggest that these new EDOF IOLs, when implanted together, could possibly better control multifocality, offering an increased DOF at all distances.
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:

