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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Burn Injuries

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...

Green Algae

Green Algae

Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

The Role of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Navigation

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Published on: January 31, 2025

Burn Depth Analysis Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: A Review.

Harrison McUmber¹, Robert J Dabek^2,3, Branko Bojovic^2,3

¹Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association

|May 3, 2019

Summary

Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography shows promise for accurately diagnosing burn depth, aiding critical treatment decisions. Further research is needed to optimize this real-time perfusion assessment technique for clinical use.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Medical Imaging
Burn Surgery

Background:

Accurate burn depth assessment is crucial for determining appropriate treatment, distinguishing between partial-thickness and full-thickness burns.
Existing methods like laser Doppler imaging and thermogenic assessment have limitations in burn depth diagnosis.
Reliable burn prognostication impacts patient outcomes and treatment cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the existing literature on the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) for diagnosing burn depth.
To highlight the potential of ICG videoangiography as a novel tool for real-time burn assessment.
To provide the burn community with a narrative on the promising application of ICG in burn care.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating indocyanine green (ICG) in burn depth assessment.
Analysis of research conducted on rat, porcine, and human models.
Evaluation of ICG's ability to measure tissue perfusion in real time via video capture.

Main Results:

Indocyanine green (ICG) demonstrates potential for instantaneous, real-time measurement of tissue perfusion.
The technique allows for evaluation of ICG uptake, distribution, and clearance, offering quantifiable data.
Studies across various models suggest ICG's efficacy in differentiating burn depths.

Conclusions:

ICG videoangiography presents a promising method for diagnosing burn depth with high potential for clinical application.
Further studies are warranted to refine the technique and establish optimal protocols for clinical settings.
This technology could significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of burn wound management.