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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

33.8K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
33.8K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.4K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.4K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.3K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.3K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.1K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

4.4K
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
4.4K
Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

2.8K
Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak...
2.8K

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Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde
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A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me2 Cl][Al(OTeF5 )4 ].

Sebastian Hämmerling1, Günther Thiele1, Simon Steinhauer1

  • 1Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new chloronium salt, [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4], for efficient electrophilic methylation. This stable compound effectively methylates weak bases, showcasing its utility in synthetic chemistry.

Keywords:
Lewis acidsfluorine chemistrymethylationpentafluoroorthotelluratesweakly coordinating anion

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Chloronium salts are reactive intermediates.
  • Electrophilic methylation is a key synthetic transformation.
  • Development of stable, easy-to-handle methylation agents is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel chloronium-containing salt.
  • To evaluate its stability and handling properties.
  • To demonstrate its efficacy as an electrophilic methylation agent.

Main Methods:

  • A simple one-pot synthesis procedure.
  • Multigram scale preparation of the salt.
  • Reactions with weak bases like P(CF3)3, PF3, MeI, and MeBr.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4] on a multigram scale.
  • The salt is isolable and can be handled at room temperature.
  • Effective methylation of very weak bases was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The new chloronium salt is a stable and potent electrophilic methylation agent.
  • Its ease of handling and synthesis makes it a valuable tool for organic synthesis.
  • Demonstrated utility in methylating challenging substrates like PF3 and P(CF3)3.