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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
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State Space Representation01:27

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The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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State representation in mental illness.

Angela Radulescu1, Yael Niv2

  • 1Psychology Department, Princeton University, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reinforcement learning models how we learn and make decisions. Changes in how the brain represents information may underlie cognitive issues in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational neuroscience
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psychiatric research

Background:

  • Reinforcement learning (RL) offers computational models for human learning and decision-making.
  • RL algorithms utilize state representations for efficient, task-relevant behavior.
  • Effective state representations depend on selective attention and memory recall.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking psychiatric disorders to altered state representations.
  • To propose state representation as a transdiagnostic dimension for understanding mental illness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on reinforcement learning, cognitive processes, and psychiatric disorders.
  • Analysis of how altered state representations may manifest in conditions like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive changes in psychiatric disorders can be conceptualized as disruptions in state representation.
  • Selective attention and memory recall are critical for forming effective state representations.

Conclusions:

  • Altered state representation provides a unifying framework for understanding cognitive deficits across various psychiatric conditions.
  • This perspective may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.