Aflatoxin Production in Soybean Varieties Grown in Argentina
Virginia E Fernández Pinto1, Graciela Vaamonde1, Silvia B Brizzio1
1Laboratorio de Microbiolgía de Alimentos, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
Journal of Food Protection
|May 5, 2019
Summary
Aflatoxin contamination in soybeans occurred naturally, with higher incidence in 1987. Laboratory studies revealed soybean variety and fungal strain significantly influence aflatoxin levels, with
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Food Safety
- Mycology
Background:
- Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi.
- Soybean contamination by aflatoxins poses a significant food safety risk.
- Natural occurrence and factors influencing aflatoxin contamination in crops are crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the natural occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in soybean crops.
- To evaluate the influence of soybean variety and fungal isolates on aflatoxin production under controlled conditions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of soybean samples from two harvest years (1986 and 1987) for natural aflatoxin contamination.
- Laboratory cultivation of three Aspergillus flavus / A. parasiticus isolates on 13 soybean varieties.
- Quantification of total aflatoxins formed in surface-disinfected soybean cultures.
Main Results:
- Natural aflatoxin contamination was detected in 5.8% of 1986 samples and 11.6% of 1987 samples.
- Aflatoxin levels in naturally contaminated samples were generally low (traces to 36 μg/kg).
- Aflatoxin formation varied significantly based on the specific fungal isolate and soybean variety, with 'Prata' being most susceptible and 'SRF' least susceptible in lab conditions.
Conclusions:
- Soybean crops can be naturally contaminated with aflatoxins, with incidence varying by year.
- Both fungal strain virulence and soybean cultivar characteristics are critical determinants of aflatoxin accumulation.
- Understanding these interactions is key to developing strategies for mitigating aflatoxin contamination in soybeans.
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