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    The first harmonic phase angle (1f-PA) method in Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) offers a robust alternative to traditional techniques. This method demonstrates excellent linearity with CO2 concentration and improved sensitivity at high modulation frequencies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Laser Technology
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) is a key technique in Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS).
    • Traditional WMS methods often face limitations related to laser intensity fluctuations and demodulation phase.
    • The first harmonic phase angle (1f-PA) method has emerged as a promising alternative.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the principle and validate the performance of the 1f-PA method in WMS.
    • To investigate the relationship between 1f-PA and modulation parameters (amplitude, frequency).
    • To compare the sensitivity of the 1f-PA method with the traditional 2f/1f method.

    Main Methods:

    • Phasor decomposition method was used to demonstrate the principle of 1f-PA.
    • Validation experiments measured the CO2 absorption line around 6362.5 cm-1.
    • Systematic variation of modulation amplitude and frequency to assess their impact on 1f-PA.

    Main Results:

    • 1f-PA is linearly proportional to integral absorption under weak absorption conditions.
    • Peak-to-peak 1f-PA decreases with increasing modulation amplitude, especially at high frequencies.
    • 1f-PA exhibits good linearity with increasing CO2 concentration.
    • Higher detection sensitivities were achieved with 1f-PA compared to 2f/1f at high modulation frequencies.

    Conclusions:

    • The 1f-PA method is immune to laser intensity and demodulation phase variations.
    • This method shows significant potential for WMS applications, particularly in challenging environments.
    • Ideal for conditions with high modulation frequencies or limited modulation amplitude, such as high turbulence or pressure.