Gender and individual differences in cueing effects: Visuospatial attention and object likability
Takashi Mitsuda1, Mio Otani2, Sayana Sugimoto2
1College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan. mitsuda@is.ritsumei.ac.jp.
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 5, 2019
Summary
Arrow markers and gaze cues can influence attention and object liking, even when not consciously perceived. Gender and individual differences significantly impact these attentional and likability cueing effects.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Social Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Attention can be directed by external cues like arrow markers and social cues like gaze.
- Previous research indicates gaze cues influence both attention and object likability, while arrow markers primarily affect attention.
- The impact of cue awareness (supraliminal vs. subliminal) and individual differences on these effects requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of supraliminal and subliminal arrow markers on attention and object likability.
- To compare the likability effects of supraliminal arrow markers with supraliminal gaze cues.
- To examine the influence of gender and individual differences on cueing effects.
Main Methods:
- Two experiments were conducted involving 40 male and 40 female participants in the first, and 40 female participants in the second.
- Participants were exposed to supraliminal (consciously perceived) and subliminal (unconsciously perceived) arrow markers and supraliminal gaze cues.
- Measures included attentional shifts and changes in object likability.
Main Results:
- Contrary to prior findings, supraliminal arrow markers increased object likability and shifted attention. Subliminal arrow markers only shifted attention.
- Attentional shifts were more pronounced in females than males for supraliminal, but not subliminal, markers.
- Both arrow markers and gaze cues induced a small liking effect, with no significant difference between them.
Conclusions:
- Supraliminal arrow markers influence both attention and likability, while subliminal markers primarily affect attention.
- Gender plays a role in attentional cueing effects, particularly for supraliminal cues.
- Individual differences and gender significantly moderate the impact of attentional and likability cueing.
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