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Assessing cognitive performance in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Shay Menascu1, Maya Stern1, Roi Aloni1

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Cognitive performance in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) patients is below average, particularly in information processing speed. Close monitoring is recommended to detect potential conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) presents incidental brain MRI lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) in asymptomatic individuals.
  • The cognitive function of RIS patients requires thorough evaluation to understand disease progression and potential conversion to MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cognitive performance of a cohort of radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) patients.
  • To compare the cognitive abilities of RIS patients with age- and education-matched healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a population-based registry.
  • Cognitive assessment using the MindStreams Global Assessment Battery for memory, executive function, processing speed, and other domains.
  • Comparison of RIS patient performance against normative data from healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Thirty RIS patients (mean age 34.3 years) were included; 26.6% converted to MS within 4.2 years.
  • RIS patients demonstrated below-average cognitive performance across all measured domains compared to controls.
  • Information processing speed was the most significantly impaired cognitive function in RIS patients (mean score 94.7).

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive performance in RIS patients is generally below average, with information processing speed being the most affected.
  • Cognitive deficits in RIS patients were observed regardless of conversion to multiple sclerosis.
  • Regular cognitive monitoring of RIS patients is crucial for early detection of potential conversion to MS.