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High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo
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Respiratory frequency plasticity during development.

Stephen M Johnson1, Karanbir S Randhawa1, Tracy L Baker1

  • 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|May 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newborn rats exhibit respiratory frequency plasticity, a lasting increase in breathing rate. Substance P application in isolated neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations demonstrated this plasticity, offering potential insights for infant breathing disorders.

Keywords:
Brain stemDevelopmentFrequency plasticityNeonatalNeuroplasticityRespiratorySpinal cordSubstance P

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Respiratory frequency plasticity, a sustained increase in breathing rate post-perturbation, is poorly understood.
  • Limited evidence exists for respiratory frequency plasticity in neonatal models.
  • Understanding these mechanisms could inform treatments for infant respiratory disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on respiratory frequency plasticity.
  • To present a novel model of respiratory frequency plasticity in neonatal rats.
  • To explore potential research avenues and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid review and experimental approach was employed.
  • Isolated neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations were utilized.
  • Substance P (SubP) was applied to assess its effect on respiratory motor burst frequency.

Main Results:

  • Substance P application induced long-lasting (>60 min) increases in respiratory motor burst frequency.
  • This plasticity was more pronounced in preparations with the pons attached and showed no sex differences.
  • Intermittent SubP application yielded greater plasticity than sustained application; this was blocked by a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist.

Conclusions:

  • The neonatal rat respiratory control system demonstrates the capacity for frequency plasticity.
  • Substance P, acting via neurokinin-1 receptors, is a key mediator of this plasticity.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may yield new treatments for neonatal breathing disorders.