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Related Experiment Video

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Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

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Published on: February 15, 2015

Implantable Direct Current Neural Modulation: Theory, Feasibility, and Efficacy.

Felix P Aplin¹, Gene Y Fridman^1,2,3

¹Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|May 7, 2019

Summary

Ionic direct current (iDC) offers a new method for neural modulation, directly exciting or inhibiting neurons. New technologies enable safe iDC delivery, showing promise for neuroprosthetic treatments despite needing further safety studies.

Keywords:

direct current electrical stimulation neural block neural implant neural interface neuromodulation synaptic remodeling tDCS

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Neural Engineering

Background:

Current neuroprostheses use alternating current (AC) pulses, which can lead to toxicity and indirect neural modulation.
Direct current (DC) neural modulation offers direct, graded control over neural activity, including excitation, inhibition, and synaptic plasticity.
Traditional DC delivery via metal electrodes poses safety concerns due to charge injection limits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the feasibility of in-vivo ionic direct current (iDC) delivery for neural modulation.
To explore current understanding of DC/neural interactions and technologies for safe iDC delivery.
To assess the scope of iDC applications in neuroprosthetic treatments and examine long-term safety implications.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on DC/neural interactions and neuroprosthetic technologies.
Analysis of emerging technologies and strategies for safe iDC delivery.
Assessment of the biological and biophysical mechanisms of DC-mediated neural modulation.

Main Results:

Recent advancements enable safe delivery of iDC, overcoming previous charge injection limitations.
iDC can directly modulate neural activity, offering graded control and maintaining natural firing patterns.
Potential applications span central and peripheral nervous system modulation for various diseases.

Conclusions:

DC-based neural implants represent a promising neuroprosthetic technology.
Further chronic safety assessments are required.
A deeper understanding of the underlying biological and biophysical mechanisms of DC-mediated modulation is needed.