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Related Concept Videos

Voltage01:13

Voltage

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The movement of electrons in a conductor requires some form of energy or work, usually provided by an external force, like a battery. This force is called the electromotive force or voltage. The voltage between two points, referred to as points "a" and "b," in an electric circuit is the energy (or work) needed to move a unit charge from point "a" to point "b," and this relationship is expressed mathematically as
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Voltage Dividers01:14

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In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the current...
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Three-Phase Voltages

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A three-phase generator produces three voltages that are equal in magnitude but have a phase difference of 120 degrees. This identical magnitude and equal phase separated voltages are known as the balanced voltages and help to minimize power loss while ensuring a steady delivery of energy to connected loads. As voltage sources in a three-phase system can be configured in a wye or a delta formation, the loads connected to these systems can also be arranged in either configuration. This...
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Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

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Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
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Voltage Doubler Circuit01:23

Voltage Doubler Circuit

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A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.
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Generator Voltage Control01:21

Generator Voltage Control

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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Voltage-tunable dual-layer terahertz metamaterials.

Xiaoguang Zhao1, Kebin Fan1, Jingdi Zhang2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel terahertz metamaterial using microelectromechanical systems for voltage-tunable control. The device achieves significant amplitude and phase modulation for diverse terahertz applications.

Keywords:
broadside-coupled split-ring resonators (BC-SSRs)comb-drive actuatormicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS)tunable metamaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Terahertz (THz) technology
  • Metamaterials
  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

Background:

  • Terahertz metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties.
  • Voltage-tunable terahertz devices are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Controlling metamaterial properties in real-time remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a real-time voltage-tunable terahertz metamaterial.
  • To investigate the modulation of electromagnetic interactions via MEMS.
  • To demonstrate amplitude and phase modulation capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized broadside-coupled split-ring resonators.
  • Integrated a comb-drive actuator for lateral resonator shifting (up to 20 μm).
  • Characterized terahertz transmission spectra and phase shifts.

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct symmetric and anti-symmetric resonant modes.
  • Demonstrated frequency shifts of ~60 GHz (blueshift) and ~50 GHz (redshift) for the modes.
  • Achieved 74% amplitude modulation at 1.03 THz and 180° phase shift at 1.08 THz.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MEMS-based metamaterial provides real-time voltage tunability.
  • The device shows significant potential for terahertz spatial light modulation, phase modulation, and chemical sensing.
  • The fabrication scheme is scalable to other frequencies for broader applications.