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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
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Nanoparticle assembly enabled by EHD-printed monolayers.

Benjamin Francis Porter1, Nhlakanipho Mkhize1, Harish Bhaskaran1

  • 1Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|May 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers combined printing and self-assembly for additive nanomanufacturing. This novel approach enables precise nanoparticle patterning for creating advanced nanoscale devices and structures.

Keywords:
24 nanoparticlesadditive nanomanufacturingdual-harmonic kelvin probe microscopyelectrohydrodynamic printingself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering

Background:

  • Augmenting devices with nanoscale functionalities is crucial for technological advancement.
  • Rapid prototyping via additive nanomanufacturing requires enhanced industrial manufacturing processes.
  • Achieving nanoscale precision necessitates fast and cost-effective prototyping methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate self-assembly and printing techniques for additive nanomanufacturing.
  • To demonstrate the printing of molecular monolayers using electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-jet printing.
  • To showcase the potential for integrated process flows in nanomanufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular monolayers to direct nanoparticle self-assembly with single-particle resolution.
  • Employing electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-jet printing to pattern molecular monolayers.
  • Integrating EHD printing with self-assembly processes for nanoparticle arrangement.
  • Characterizing patterned structures using Dual-Harmonic Kelvin Probe Microscopy for in-process metrology.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that monolayers can drive nanoparticle assembly into precise patterns.
  • Successfully printed molecular monolayers using EHD-jet printing for the first time.
  • Showcased the integration of EHD printing and self-assembly for controlled nanoparticle organization.
  • Validated Dual-Harmonic Kelvin Probe Microscopy as a robust metrology technique for patterned structures.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of EHD printing and self-assembly offers a pathway towards integrated additive nanomanufacturing.
  • This approach facilitates the creation of functional nanoscale devices and structures with high precision.
  • In-process metrology, such as Dual-Harmonic Kelvin Probe Microscopy, is essential for large-scale nanomanufacturing.