Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
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Patient experience in nerve-to-masseter-driven smile reanimation
Martinus M van Veen1, Joseph R Dusseldorp2, Olivia Quatela3
1Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck surgery, Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Plastic surgery, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, NL-9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
Summary
Patients report good voluntary smile function after nerve-to-masseter smile reanimation surgery. This technique shows low rates of complications, enhancing patient outcomes in facial palsy treatment.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Neurology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- The nerve-to-masseter transfer is a common technique for smile reanimation surgery.
- Limited data exists on patient-reported outcomes and side effects of this procedure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify patient perception of nerve-to-masseter use in smile reanimation.
- To assess functional outcomes and sequelae following the procedure.
Main Methods:
- An online questionnaire was developed using clinical expertise, patient interviews, and validated quality-of-life/dysfunction questionnaires.
- Patients undergoing nerve-to-masseter smile reanimation (nerve transfers and muscle transplantations) between 2007-2016 were invited.
Main Results:
- 83.1% of 71 respondents reported voluntary smiling with a bite; 46.5% could smile without biting.
- 23.9% reported a normal/almost normal spontaneous smile; 18.3% experienced masseter atrophy.
- 1.4-14.1% reported temporomandibular joint dysfunction; 57.7% experienced bothersome prandial facial movements.
Conclusions:
- Nerve-to-masseter smile reanimation surgery yields good voluntary smiling ability.
- The procedure is associated with low rates of significant sequelae, improving patient satisfaction.
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