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Altruism01:03

Altruism

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Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

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Virology: Poxins Soothe the STING.

Alexiane Decout1, Andrea Ablasser1

  • 1Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Current Biology : CB
|May 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered poxins, enzymes that break down 2

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The cyclic dinucleotide 2',3'-cGAMP is a key mediator of innate immunity, triggered by cytosolic DNA detection via cGAS.
  • The regulation of intracellular 2',3'-cGAMP levels is crucial for immune response control but remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling intracellular 2',3'-cGAMP levels.
  • To identify enzymes responsible for 2',3'-cGAMP degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to characterize enzyme activity.
  • Enzyme kinetics studies.
  • Analysis of viral genomes for potential nucleases.

Main Results:

  • Eaglesham et al. identified poxins as novel 2',3'-cGAMP-specific 3'-nucleases.

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  • Poxins efficiently hydrolyze 2',3'-cGAMP, reducing its intracellular concentration.
  • Viruses utilize poxins as a mechanism for immune evasion by degrading the host's 2',3'-cGAMP signal.

    • Conclusions:

    • Poxins represent a critical host-pathogen interaction point.
    • Targeting poxins could be a therapeutic strategy against viral infections.
    • Understanding poxin function sheds light on innate immune regulation.