Advantages and disadvantages of implant navigation surgery. A systematic review

This review elucidates the advantages and disadvantages of the different implant navigation methods to assist the precise surgical placement of dental implants. Implant navigation surgery can be classified into: dynamic and static navigation, and static navigation can further be divided into full (FG)- and half-guided (HG) implant surgery. The HG implant placement includes the drilling-guided, pilot-drill guided, and the non-computed guided approaches. In dynamic navigation, the bone drilling and the implant placement are completely tracked with a specific software; while the static navigation refers to the use of static surgical templates. The FG associated with flapless surgery and teeth/crown supported guides has demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by the drilling and pilot HG surgery that may provide comparable results, while the non-computer HG and FH implant placement provide the least accuracy in transmitting the implant positioning from the pre-surgical planning to the patient. Additionally, flapless implant surgery is related to reduced pain, less analgesic consumption, less swelling, shorter chair-time, and reduced risk of hemorrhage while achieving greater patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, other methods such as non-computer HG and FH implant surgery procedures require more surgical experience to overcome their limitations. There is still limited evidence to support dynamic surgery, and further investigations are needed.