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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates01:21

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Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
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Spherical Coordinates01:23

Spherical Coordinates

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Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
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Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
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Forensic case coordination in Europe - Their role within 5 European institutes.

Sonja Bitzer1

  • 1Université catholique de Louvain, Faculty of Law and Criminology, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium.

Forensic Science International
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Summary

Forensic science is adapting to new challenges by introducing forensic case coordinators. These professionals centralize case information, improving the criminal justice process despite varying laboratory structures.

Keywords:
AdviceForensic scienceKnowledge management

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Criminal Justice

Background:

  • The scope of roles in the criminal justice process has evolved.
  • Decentralization has led to non-specialists utilizing forensic capabilities.
  • This shift created a need for better case overview.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and compare the role and position of forensic case coordinators.
  • To analyze the function of these coordinators in five forensic science laboratories.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of forensic case coordinator roles.
  • Examination of roles within five distinct forensic science laboratories.

Main Results:

  • Despite differences in judicial framework, training, and case involvement, a common supportive role for forensic case coordinators was identified.
  • The increasing number of these positions highlights a growing demand.

Conclusions:

  • Forensic case coordinators provide a crucial centralizing function within the criminal justice system.
  • Their supportive role is vital for actors involved in the criminal justice process.