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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Criminal Justice
  • Decision Analysis

Background:

  • Trace processing in forensic investigations involves critical decision-making from crime scene attendance to trace analysis.
  • The complexity of these decisions, influenced by human, organizational, and contextual factors, is not fully understood.
  • Existing research offers limited comprehensive reviews of the entire trace processing workflow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize the decision-making processes throughout trace processing in forensic investigations.
  • To identify key stages, influencing factors, and research gaps in trace processing decision-making.
  • To provide an integrative overview of factors shaping decision-making in trace processing.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 229 studies.
  • Examined decision-making across four key stages: crime scene attendance, trace detection, trace selection and collection, and trace analysis.
  • Analyzed the intersection of human factors (expertise, biases) with decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability in trace processing practices exists, driven by jurisdictional policies and training disparities.
  • Identified key influencing factors for each stage: offense type, environmental conditions, case priorities, and investigative goals.
  • Highlighted persistent gaps in procedural consistency, resource allocation, and forensic awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Deficiencies in early decision-making stages can negatively affect the entire criminal justice process.
  • Addressing variability and gaps in knowledge and practices is crucial for improving forensic trace processing.
  • This review synthesizes current practices and identifies critical areas for future research in forensic decision-making.