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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Characteristics and Functions of Blood01:26

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Blood is specialized connective tissue comprising about 8% of the body mass. It has a thick, liquid extracellular matrix that contains cells, dissolved proteins, and electrolytes, making it five times more viscous than water. Blood is warm, around 38°C, and has an alkaline pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

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Direct Method
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Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow
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High-speed extended-volume blood flow measurement using engineered point-spread function.

Yongzhuang Zhou1, Vytautas Zickus1, Paul Zammit1

  • 1School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

Biomedical Optics Express
|May 9, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microscopy technique precisely tracks blood flow in zebrafish. This advancement enables detailed cardiovascular studies and disease research in living organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Accurate characterization of blood flow is essential for understanding cardiovascular development and function.
  • Existing techniques lack the precision and depth range for imaging thick biological samples.
  • There is a need for advanced methods to precisely measure 3D blood flow in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel technique for high-precision, snapshot imaging of blood flow in thick biological samples.
  • To track fluorescent beads in flowing blood with sub-micron precision over an extended axial range.
  • To enable the measurement of biomechanical quantities and study cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Combined computational microscopy with Airy-beams, utilizing their diffraction-free and self-bending properties.
  • Tracked fluorescent beads in the blood of 3 days post-fertilization zebrafish embryos.
  • Recorded spatial trajectories of beads in cardinal and intersegmental vessels.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sub-micron precision tracking of fluorescent beads in flowing blood.
  • Extended the axial imaging range up to 600 micrometers.
  • Observed trajectories consistent with vasculature segmentation from selective-plane illumination microscopy (SPIM).

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides precise 3D blood flow measurements with enhanced depth range.
  • This technique has potential for probing biomechanical quantities like wall shear stress.
  • The enhanced depth range offers broad applications in fluid flow measurements, from microfluidics to aerosol characterization.