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Red Phosphorus Potassium-Ion Battery Anodes.

Wei-Chung Chang1, Jen-Hsuan Wu1, Kuan-Ting Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu Taiwan 30013 Republic of China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High-performance red phosphorus (RP) anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIB) were developed. Nanoscale RP dispersed in a carbon matrix without P-C bonds enables efficient K-ion reactions, achieving high capacity and long cycle life.

Keywords:
PIB anodesP—C bondingred phosphoruswet‐ball milling process

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) offers the highest theoretical specific capacity for potassium-ion battery (PIB) anodes.
  • Red phosphorus (RP) is advantageous due to its low cost, non-toxicity, and simple preparation.
  • Effective activation of RP for high-performance PIB anodes remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-performance red phosphorus (RP) anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIB).
  • To identify key factors enabling reversible K-ion reactions with RP.
  • To demonstrate the practical application of RP-based anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing nanoscale RP dispersed within a conductive carbon matrix (multiwall carbon nanotubes and Ketjen black).
  • Utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze P-C bond formation.
  • Conducting electrochemical performance tests, including rate capability and cycling stability.
  • Assembling and testing RP/C full cells with a potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate cathode.
  • Constructing a pouch-type battery for practical application demonstration.

Main Results:

  • RP/C electrodes achieved a reversible specific capacity of approximately 750 mA h g-1.
  • High-rate capability was demonstrated, with ≈300 mA h g-1 at 1000 mA g-1.
  • RP/C full cells exhibited a long cycling life of 680 cycles at 1000 mA g-1.
  • Absence of P-C bonds was correlated with effective K-ion reaction.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale RP evenly dispersed in a conductive carbon matrix facilitates efficient K-ion diffusion and electron transport.
  • Avoiding P-C bond formation is crucial for effective K-ion interaction with RP anodes.
  • The developed RP/C anodes show significant promise for high-performance and long-lasting potassium-ion batteries.