Narrative Literature Review of Cancer Therapy-related Cardiac Dysfunction

Area of Science:

• Cardio-oncology
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Oncology

Background:

• Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a major clinical challenge.
• Understanding CTRCD pathophysiology, risk factors, and diagnostics is essential for patient care.
• Multifactorial mechanisms underlie cardiotoxicity from various cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and interventions for CTRCD.
• To emphasize the importance of personalized strategies in managing cardiotoxicity.
• To highlight advancements in early detection and pharmacological management of CTRCD.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on CTRCD.
• Analysis of risk stratification using clinical factors and baseline echocardiography (LVEF, GLS, diastolic function).
• Discussion of multimodal diagnostic approaches (biomarkers, imaging) for early detection.
• Evaluation of pharmacological strategies for mitigating cardiotoxicity.

Main Results:

• Baseline echocardiography and clinical factors are critical for CTRCD risk stratification.
• Continuous cardiac function surveillance is paramount during cancer therapy.
• Multimodal diagnostics enable early detection of subclinical myocardial injury.
• Pharmacologic strategies show promise in reducing cardiotoxic effects and preserving cardiac function.

Conclusions:

• Integrating cardio-oncology strategies into cancer treatment optimizes patient outcomes.
• Proactive management of CTRCD minimizes cardiac damage and unplanned therapy interruptions.
• Personalized preventive and therapeutic interventions are key to managing cardiotoxicity.